Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Neurodegenerative disease-associated microRNAs acting as signaling molecules modulate CNS neuron structure and viability

doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02199-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Full mature sequences, previously reported TLR-activating motifs (indicated in italics), and braindead scores of selected MiRNAs. (+/-) indicates whether the miRNA was predicted to activate or not activate the receptor. Respective braindead scores are shown in brackets, and a score of 0.65 was set as the threshold for activation

Article Snippet: HEK-Blue™ mTLR7, mTLR8, hTLR7, and hTLR8 cells and respective control Null2-k, Null1-v, Null1-k, and Null1 cells (Invivogen, San Diego, CA, USA) were cultured according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Neurodegenerative disease-associated microRNAs acting as signaling molecules modulate CNS neuron structure and viability

doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02199-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: AD-associated miRNAs directly activate TLR7 and/or TLR8. ( a ) Selection of miRNAs dysregulated in AD, acting as potential signalling molecules for TLR7/8. HEK-Blue cells co-expressing ( b ) mTLR7, ( c ) mTLR8, ( d ) hTLR7, or ( e ) hTLR8, and an NF-κB/AP1-inducible secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene, were incubated with 10 µg/mL miRNA, as indicated, or mutant oligoribonucleotide (Mut.oligo) for 24 h. R848 (100 ng/mL), loxoribine (1 mM), TL8-506 (10 µg/mL), and TNF (100 ng/mL) served as positive control. Parental Null2-k, Null1-v, Null1-k, and Null1 cells and LyoVec served as negative control. Bars represent the mean ± SEM ( n = 4–8). * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001; unpaired t -test, compared to the respective parental HEK cells. ( f ) Microglia from C57BL/6 (wild-type, WT, n = 4–8) or Tlr7 −/− ( n = 3) mice and ( g ) THP-1 macrophages ( n = 6–8) were incubated with 10 µg/mL of indicated miRNAs or Mut.oligo for 24 h followed by TNF ELISA. Unstimulated cells served as negative control. LPS (100 ng/mL), loxoribine (1 mM), and R848 (100 ng/mL) served as positive control. Bars represent mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001 ( f ) compared to the corresponding Tlr7 −/− group; unpaired t -test; ( g ) compared to control; Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc analysis

Article Snippet: HEK-Blue™ mTLR7, mTLR8, hTLR7, and hTLR8 cells and respective control Null2-k, Null1-v, Null1-k, and Null1 cells (Invivogen, San Diego, CA, USA) were cultured according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Selection, Expressing, Incubation, Mutagenesis, Positive Control, Negative Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control